CORRELATES OF AGING - UP/DOWN

◉ Glutathione

Glutathione levels decline with age

◉ NAD+

NAD+ availability declines with age

◉ eNAMPT Declines with aging, Supplementation slows aging

Levels of the enzyme extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), normally decline with age in both mice and humans. But, remarkably, old mice given supplements of NAMPT obtained from young animals stayed more youthful, healthy, and active for longer than their peers. The NAMPT boost in older animals was linked with significantly improved physical activity, metabolic and brain functioning, and a longer healthy lifespan. [A]

◉ sirtuin activity decreases over age

Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15)

GDF-15 increases as individuals age.

Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-b)

TGF-b1 plateaus at its highest systemic levels between the 6th and 9th decades of life (i.e. roughly at the onset and progression of age-imposed regenerative decline). Sera TGF-b1 for both species thus becomes elevated from the end of the reproductive period, to the end of lifespan.

References:

[1] [2018] Plasma proteomic signature of age in healthy humans

[A] [2019] Extracellular Vesicle-Contained eNAMPT Delays Aging and Extends Lifespan in Mice

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