◉ The Gut Microbiome influences virtually all health / aging processes.

◉ It dramatically retards or drives inflammation and disease processes.

◉ The microbiome includes viral, bacterial and fungal species.

Our understanding of the human microbiome is still an emerging area of human biology and immunology. It has already been well documented that as you age, the viruses and bacterias that populate the gut change. Your microbiome is very sensitive to its environment so these changes constitute another feedback mechanism, both controlling and responding to the changing environment including your current biological age. It has also been well established that the microbiome is generating a large population of chronokines that are contributing to your BASP. As an example, one strain of bacteria produces a multifunctional hormone in your gut that has been identified as an anti-aging chronokine. That hormone is Oxytocin.

An excellent overview of the history, science and utility of Probiotics and Prebiotics can be found in this 2017 publication by the World Gastroenterology Organization. This source provides a detailed listing of the bacterial strains that positively impact specific disease process. [18]

I personally have come to realize that if you have heart-burn, indigestion, constipation or diarrhea, taking probiotics as opposed to drugs is a better, healthier and more effective long-term solution to the problem.

Providing insight into one’s health status from a gut microbiome sample is an important clinical goal in current human microbiome research. In 2020 a group published just such a tool: “A predictive index for health status using species- level gut microbiome profiling.” They introduced the Gut Micro- biome Health Index (GMHI), a biologically-interpretable mathematical formula for predicting the likelihood of disease independent of the clinical diagnosis. [14]

One study has documented the relative populations of gut microbiomes in health versus unhealthy individuals. The tabulated guide is the beginning of a guide for supplementation based on age. Source: A predictive index for health status using species- level gut microbiome profiling.[15]

There are already a large number of supplemental probiotics available on the market. There relative utility in improving health and regressing age and BASP are for the most part ambiguous as no clinical trials have been conducted on these specific combinations of bacterial supplements. Most of them are also relatively expensive. I personally don’t know the difficulties of culturing specific strains of bacteria and then packaging those live biologicals so they can be transported and administered in a beneficial therapeutic product. That said, the bread and beer industries have been doing just that, for centuries.

What fellows on this page are the highlights/abstracts from current peer reviewed publications on probiotics. Each article is linked to the full text.

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The human microbiome contains over 30 trillion microorganisms per person (some estimates are up to 100 trillion), but the composition and functional characteristics of the “healthy” microbiome remain to be precisely defined. [1]

▶︎Two of the most predominant phenomena in aging include chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) and changes in the gut microbiota composition (dysbiosis). Although a direct causal relationship has not been established, many studies have reported significant reductions in inflammation during aging through well-maintained gut health and microbial balance. Prebiotics and probiotics are known to support gut health and can be easily incorporated into the daily diet.

Click [√] on any of the images above to enlarge them. The images detail the connections between gut microbiome, inflammation and aging. [2021] The Potential Roles of Probiotics, Resistant Starch, and Resistant Proteins in Ameliorating Inflammation during Aging (Inflammaging) The supplemental information resources below are from the linked article above.

Component Role or Function

⫸ Christensenellaceae family

Associated with health conditions, particularly body mass index (BMI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [41,42,43,44,45]

Akkermansia muciniphila

Anti-inflammatory activities [28]
Protecting intestinal epithelial integrity [34]
Supporting colonization of SCFA-producing bacteria [35]

Bifidobacterium spp.

Producing lactate and acetate that can reduce the population of pathogenic bacteria [36]
Suppressing serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [36]

Clostridium cluster

Producing butyrate [38]

Lachnospiraceae bacterium

Producing butyrate [38]

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

Producing butyrate [27]
Strong anti-inflammatory properties [27]

Coprococcus spp.

Producing butyrate [39]

Roseburia spp.

Producing butyrate [39]
Strong anti-inflammatory properties [40]

Key:

SCFAs (overall)

Stimulating immune system [50]
Providing energy for and supporting the growth of beneficial bacteria [8]
Increasing both intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to prevent pathogens growth [51]

Acetate

Supporting the growth of probiotics [52]

Butyrate

Primary energy source for human colonocytes [21]
Preventing dysbiosis in epithelial cells [22]
Reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [23]

Propionate

Lowering lipogenesis, serum cholesterol levels, and carcinogenesis in other tissues [53]

⫷[13]

It is now understood that gut bacteria exert effects beyond the local boundaries of the gastrointestinal tract to include distant tissues and overall health. Prototype probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri has been found to upregulate hormone oxytocin and systemic immune responses to achieve a wide array of health benefits involving wound healing, mental health, metabolism, and myoskeletal maintenance. Together these display that the gut microbiome and host animal interact via immune–endocrine–brain signaling networks. Such findings provide novel therapeutic strategies to stimulate powerful homeostatic pathways and genetic programs, stemming from the coevolution of mammals and their microbiome. [[2] [3]]

 • Oral treatment with a single commensal bacterial species corrects oxytocin levels and synaptic dysfunction in the VTA and selectively reverses social deficits in MHFD offspring. 

• In the present study, we find that administering purified Lactobacillus reuteri organisms in drinking water induces a significant up-regulation of the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin in mice.

 After three months of supplementation, A. muciniphila reduced the levels of the relevant blood markers for liver dysfunction and inflammation while the overall gut microbiome structure was unaffected. In conclusion, this proof-of-concept study (clinical trial no. NCT02637115) shows that the intervention was safe and well tolerated and that supplementation with A. muciniphila improves several metabolic parameters. [4]

Age Associated Gut Microbiota                       P. Value

Enterococcus                    0.003706776

Plesiomonas                      0.004338397

Aliivibrio                           0.010432989 

Leucobacter                      0.012433899 

Myroides                           0.015826932 

Jeotgalicoccus                 0.018012821 

Marinilactibacillus           0.022672523 

Exiguobacterium              0.023563541 

Genus                          P. Value

This intervention in Tourquase Kill fish, prevented the decrease in microbial diversity associated with host aging and maintained a young-like gut bacterial community, characterized by overrepresentation of the key genera Exiguobacterium, Planococcus, Propionigenium and Psychrobacter. We also show that during aging the overall microbial diversity in the TK gut decreases, with increased over-representation of pathogenic Proteobacteria. 

Two hub bacterial clusters were identified in Ymt fish (Materials and Method). Strikingly, one was composed of bacterial genera that were also hub-bacteria in young wild type fish (6wk) and included Exiguobacterium, Planococcus, Propionigenium and Psychrobacter (Figure 6C, Ymt network, green nodes), while the other was composed of hub bacteria from old wild-type fish (16wk) hub and included Propionibacterium, Delftia, and Citrobacter (Figure 6C and Table S6). Remarkably, the bacterial hubs identified in Omt and Abx overlapped exclusively with the old wild-type group (16wk) (Figure 6C, orange nodes, and Table S6). These results support that bacterial network topology reflects host age both in fish and mice, with younger biological age associated with larger networks. the four most abundant bacterial phyla observed in the TK are also the four most abundant phyla found in humans and mice. [11]

(6)       Lactobacillus Reuter                  ▲ Oxytocin

Lactobacillus reuteri, Up regulates Oxytocin

Bifidobacterium longum APC1472

Improved glucose tolerance and reduced fasting cortisol levels.

The bacterial intervention reduced fasting blood glucose levels and normalized active ghrelin levels. [[12]]

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Align                                        50 mg  

Bifidobacterium longum 35624?                                DSM 24736/SD5220

1 billion live bacteria     Single strain [[1]]

VISBIOME

Lactobacillus      paracasei                                       DSM 24733/SD5218

Lactobacillus      plantarum                                      DSM 24730/SD5209

Lactobacillus      acidophilus                                    DSM 24735/SD5212

Lactobacillus      delbrueckii             DSM 24734/SD5210. subspecies bulgaricus*             

Bifidobacterium  longum±                                         DSM 24736/SD5220

Bifidobacterium  infantis±                                         DSM 24737/SD5219

Bifidobacterium  breve                                              DSM 24732/SD5206

Streptococcus     thermophilus                                 SM 24731/SD5207

Pro-Multi          Pro Health        15 billion                                                                                

Lactobacillus acidophilus (DDS-1)      4.3 Billion CFU

Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lr-32)       4.3 Billion CFU

Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019)            1.9 Billion CFU

Lactococcus lactis (Ll-23)         1.0 Billion CFU

Bifidobacterium longum (Bl-05)        1.0 Billion CFU

Bifidobacterium bifidum/lactis (Bb-02)       1.0 Billion CFU

Lactobacillus gasserri (Lg-36)  1.0 Billion CFU

Streptococcus thermophilus (St-21)            0.5 Billion CFU

Digestive and Prebiotic Blend:  210 mg

Microbiome Plus    

Lactobacillus Reuteri           3.5 billion        Upregulates Oxytocin Production

Peptiva Probiotic Blend

Lactobacillus acidophilus (DDS-1)      (ATCC SD6865)

Lactobacillus acidophilus (DDS-1)      (ATCC SD6866)

Bifidobacterium bifidum/lactis (Bb-02)       (ATCC SD6869)

Bifidobacterium ANIMALS (Bb-02)     (ATCC SD6870)

Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lr-32)       (IMC501)

Lactobacillus paracesel (IMC502)

Melatonin immediate release             0.75 mg

Melatonin delayed release                  0.75 mg

Gamma-Aminobutyic Acid (GABA 100 mg)

Valerian Extract (root) valereic acids          50 mg

Seed

Digestive Health / Gastrointestinal Immunity / Gut Barrier Integrity Probiotic Blend

Bifidobacterium breve  SD-BR3-IT

Bifidobacterium longum  SD-BB536-JP

Bifidobacterium infantis  SD-M63-JP

Bifidobacterium lactis  HRVD524-US (Bl-04)

Bifidobacterium breve  HRVD521-US

Bifidobacterium longum  HRVD90b-US

Bifidobacterium lactis  SD150-BE

Bifidobacterium longum  SD-CECT7347-SP

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum  SD-LP1-IT         

Limosilactobacillus reuteri  RD830-FR

Limosilactobacillus fermentum  SD-LF8-IT

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus  HRVD113-US

Lacticaseibacillus casei  HRVD300-US

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus  SD-GG-BE

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus  SD-LR6-IT

Ligilactobacillus salivarius  SD-LS1-IT

Lacticaseibacillus casei  HRVD300-US

Dermatological Health Probiotic Blend

Bifidobacterium breve SD-BR3-IT

Bifidobacterium longum  SD-CECT7347-SP

Bifidobacterium lactis  SD-CECT8145-SP

Lacticaseibacillus casei  SD-CECT9104-SP

Ligilactobacillus salivarius  SD-LS1-IT

Cardiovascular Health Probiotic Blend5.25 Billion AFU 

Bifidobacterium lactis  SD-MB2409-IT

Bifidobacterium lactis  SD-BS5-IT

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum  SD-LPLDL-UK

Micronutrient Synthesis Probiotic Blend8.05 Billion AFU

Bifidobacterium adolescentis SD-BA5-IT (DSM18352)

Limosilactobacillus reuteri  SD-LRE2-IT* 

Lactobacillus acidophilus (DDS-1)     (ATCC SD6865)

PREBIOTICS

Dietary fiber and plant-based functional foods that improve gut health via their impact on the gut microbiome. [15] Prebiotics Prebiotics are compounds in food that induce the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.[16]

Triphala            

Triphala is an Ayurvedic herbal formation used for centuries in traditional Indian medicine. It's made of dried components from the fruits of three plant species: Emblica officinalis, Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula. Over the past two decades, several clinical studies have validated the ethnomedicinal claims of Triphala, finding it to positively modulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria while inhibiting the growth of undesirable microbes.  [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

[1] Human Microbiome in Health and Disease: The Good, the Bad, and the Bugly

[2] Chapter Five - Microbes and Oxytocin: Benefits for Host Physiology and Behavior

[3]  Microbial Reconstitution Reverses Maternal Diet-Induced Social and Synaptic Deficits in Offspring

[4] Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study

[5] A novel polyphenolic prebiotic and probiotic formulation have synergistic effects on the gut microbiota influencing Drosophila melanogaster physiology

[6] Longevity extension in Drosophila through gut-brain communication

[7] Therapeutic Uses of Triphala in Ayurvedic Medicine

[8] Immunomodulatory Activity of Triphala on Neutrophil Functions

[9] Therapeutic Potential of Triphala against Human Diseases

[10] In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence for the Antihyperuricemic, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of a Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine, Triphala

[11] Regulation of Life Span by the Gut Microbiota in The Short-Lived African Turquoise Killifish

[12] Bifidobacterium longum counters the effects of obesity: Partial successful translation from rodent to human

[13] [2022] The Potential Roles of Probiotics, Resistant Starch, and Resistant Proteins in Ameliorating Inflammation during Aging (Inflammaging)

[14] [2020] A predictive index for health status using species- level gut microbiome profiling

[15] [2017] Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 Reduces Depression Scores and Alters Brain Activity: A Pilot Study in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

[16] [2016] The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier

[17] [2022] A Low-calorie diet alters the gut microbiome and delays immune aging

[18] [2017] Probiotics and prebiotics

[19] [2022] Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain